Which penguin species nests in the temperate rainforests of New Zealand’s South Island?

The penguin species that nests in the temperate rainforests of New Zealand’s South Island is the Fiordland penguin.

The Fiordland penguin, also called the Fiordland crested penguin or tawaki, is native to southwestern New Zealand. It breeds along the rugged Fiordland coast and on nearby offshore islands, including parts of Stewart Island and its surrounding island groups. Unlike Antarctic penguins that commonly breed on exposed ice or bare ground, Fiordland penguins often place nests beneath dense vegetation, in caves, or among tree roots and fallen logs.

Its breeding habitat is unusual because it lies in a cool, wet temperate rainforest environment. Adults travel to sea to feed, then return through forested coastal terrain to their nesting sites. The species has yellow crest feathers above the eyes and a dark bluish-black back.

The name “Fiordland” refers to the southwestern New Zealand region famous for its deep fjords. “Tawaki” is the species’ Māori name, but it is distinct from hoiho, the Māori name for the yellow-eyed penguin.