Thomas Paine published Common Sense anonymously in January 1776 to argue for American independence.
The 47-page pamphlet appeared in Philadelphia on January 10, 1776, under the subtitle “Addressed to the Inhabitants of America.” Paine attacked monarchy and hereditary rule while presenting independence and republican government in language intended for ordinary readers rather than political specialists.
Common Sense became an immediate publishing sensation. It was sold widely, read aloud in taverns and meeting places, and circulated throughout the Thirteen Colonies. Its forceful case helped make independence seem practical and urgent during the months before Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.
Paine initially wrote the work under the title Plain Truth, but Benjamin Rush suggested Common Sense. The pamphlet was signed “by an Englishman,” allowing Paine to remain anonymous for a time. It is often credited with shaping public opinion, although Congress’s decision to declare independence also depended on military, diplomatic, and political considerations.