Which Nobel co-laureate was Chain's head of department at Oxford?

Which Nobel co-laureate was Chain’s head of department at Oxford? The answer is Howard Florey.

Howard Florey was Ernst Chain’s head of department at Oxford. Florey directed the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, where he assembled the interdisciplinary team that investigated penicillin after Chain drew attention to Fleming’s earlier work.

Florey became professor of pathology at Oxford in 1935 and later recruited Chain, a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany who had completed his PhD under Frederick Hopkins. Chain then brought Norman Heatley into the project, while other researchers contributed to purification, testing and production.

Fleming, Florey and Chain shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The award recognized the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect, but the scientists’ roles differed: Fleming discovered penicillin’s antibacterial properties, while Florey’s Oxford group helped turn it into a usable treatment.