Which mountain range traditionally divides Europe and Asia?

The Ural Mountains traditionally form part of the boundary between Europe and Asia.

The range runs roughly north to south through western Russia, extending for about 2,500 kilometres from the Arctic Ocean toward the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan. It is geologically ancient and rich in minerals, including iron ore, coal, gold, and gemstones. The highest point is Mount Narodnaya, which reaches 1,895 metres.

The Europe–Asia boundary is a convention rather than a universally fixed natural border. Different sources have proposed routes involving the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, or other features. The Ural Mountains are nevertheless the most widely used northern portion of the conventional boundary. The Alps lie within Europe, while the Himalayas divide parts of South and Central Asia but do not separate Europe from Asia.