Which Jewish denomination does not observe Hanukkah?

Karaite Judaism traditionally does not observe Hanukkah.

Karaite Judaism differs from Rabbinic Judaism by treating the Tanakh, or Hebrew Bible, as the sole binding source of Jewish law. Karaites reject the authority of the Talmud and other rabbinic traditions as compulsory law. Because Hanukkah commemorates events after the biblical period and its observance was established through Jewish tradition, it is not recognized as a religious festival in traditional Karaite practice.

Rabbinic Jewish movements—including Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform Judaism—observe Hanukkah, though customs and interpretations vary. Their practices generally include lighting a hanukkiah for eight nights, reciting blessings, and adding prayers such as Hallel and Al ha-Nissim.

The answer refers to the denomination’s traditional religious position, not every individual’s cultural behavior. A Karaite person might participate in a public celebration or family gathering, but that does not make Hanukkah a commanded Karaite holiday. The key distinction is the authority of post-biblical rabbinic legislation, which Karaites do not accept as binding.