The hilltop citadel in Athens that contains the Parthenon is the Acropolis of Athens, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Acropolis rises above central Athens and was first inhabited long before the classical city flourished. During the fifth century BCE, after Athens defeated the Persians, Pericles sponsored a major building program that created or rebuilt monuments including the Parthenon, the Erechtheion, the Propylaea, and the Temple of Athena Nike.
A common mix-up is treating the Parthenon and the Acropolis as the same thing. The Parthenon is one temple within the larger citadel. Lycabettus is another Athens hill, while the Pnyx and Areopagus are historically important nearby locations, but none is the citadel crowned by the Parthenon. UNESCO inscribed the Acropolis in 1987.