The Greek god with whom the Egyptians identified Amun was Zeus. Greek writers and worshippers called the combined deity Zeus Ammon, or Zeus-Ammon, using interpretatio graeca—the practice of understanding foreign gods through familiar Greek counterparts.
Amun began as an important deity of Thebes and rose to national prominence when Theban rulers reunited Egypt after the Second Intermediate Period. His name is often interpreted as “the hidden one” or “the invisible one.” He was later united with the solar god Ra as Amun-Ra, becoming one of Egypt’s supreme divine figures during the New Kingdom.
The identification with Zeus was especially prominent at Amun’s famous oracle in the Siwa Oasis. Alexander the Great visited the oracle in 331 BCE and was proclaimed a son of Amun. Greek and later Roman art represented Amun-Zeus with ram’s horns, reflecting Amun’s Egyptian imagery and his association with power, fertility, and kingship. The Roman equivalent was Jupiter Ammon, not Apollo, Poseidon, or Hades.