Which god was the sun god often depicted with a falcon head and a solar disk? Ra.
Ra was the ancient Egyptian sun god, commonly depicted as a man with the head of a falcon crowned by a solar disk and a protective cobra. His principal cult center was Heliopolis, but his worship spread throughout Egypt. By the Fifth Dynasty, during the 25th and 24th centuries BCE, Ra had become one of Egypt’s most important deities.
Egyptians understood the sun’s daily movement as a divine journey. Ra crossed the sky by boat during the day and traveled through the underworld at night, emerging again at dawn. His nightly voyage was threatened by Apep, the serpent of chaos, whose defeat helped explain the sun’s return and the renewal of order.
Ra was not always represented identically. He could appear as a falcon-headed man, a ram-headed figure in the underworld, or in forms connected with Khepri, the scarab associated with the rising sun. Ra was also merged with other major gods: Ra-Horakhty joined him with Horus, while Amun-Ra united him with Amun. Aten, by contrast, was the solar disk itself and later became central to Akhenaten’s distinct religious system.