The fruit that grows on the tree species Prunus persica is the peach.
Prunus persica is a deciduous tree in the rose family, Rosaceae, and its fruit is a drupe, or stone fruit. A typical peach has juicy flesh surrounding a hard, deeply furrowed pit. The species also includes nectarines: they are genetically peaches, but a mutation causes their skin to lack the fuzz found on ordinary peaches.
Despite its scientific name, the peach was domesticated in China rather than Persia. It reached Persia through ancient trade and was later introduced to Europe, leading Linnaeus to use the specific name persica. That history makes “Persian fruit” a tempting but inaccurate interpretation of the name.
Peaches belong to Prunus alongside plums, cherries, apricots, and almonds, so those choices are close botanical relatives rather than the answer. Peach trees usually flower before their leaves emerge and can begin producing fruit only two or three years after sprouting. China remains the world’s leading producer of peaches and nectarines.