Most of C.S. Lewis’s novel The Horse and His Boy is set in Calormen.
Published in 1954, The Horse and His Boy is the fifth book in the original publication order of The Chronicles of Narnia. Its central characters, Shasta and the talking horse Bree, flee north from Calormen toward Narnia. Calormen is a large southern empire with a culture, architecture, court life, and storytelling tradition distinct from Narnia and its northern neighbors.
The story also visits Archenland, the country lying between Calormen and Narnia, and includes the Calormene capital of Tashbaan. These names are sometimes confused because Tashbaan is a city, while Calormen is the wider country. The novel’s plot involves an attempted invasion of Archenland and the discovery of Shasta’s royal identity. Lewis drew on literary and folkloric patterns, including journey tales and stories of mistaken identity, while creating Calormen as part of Narnia’s wider geography.