Which energy company is majority-owned by the government of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Aramco is the energy company majority-owned by the government of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Aramco is the short name of Saudi Arabian Oil Company. The Saudi government retains the overwhelming majority of the company's shares, while a small portion has been offered to public investors through listings on the Saudi Exchange. The company is headquartered in Dhahran.

Its history began with the discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia in the 1930s by the California Arabian Standard Oil Company. Ownership gradually moved to the Saudi state, and the company was fully nationalized in the 1980s. Aramco now operates across oil production, refining, chemicals, and related energy activities.

Aramco's public listing in 2019 was one of the largest initial public offerings in history. Market capitalization can place it among the world's most valuable listed companies, but its ownership structure differs sharply from widely held companies such as Apple or Microsoft.