Which empire did Genghis Khan's forces attack in the 1211 Mongol-Jin War?

Genghis Khan’s forces attacked the Jin dynasty in the 1211 Mongol–Jin War.

The Jin dynasty was a Jurchen-led state ruling much of Manchuria and northern China. Genghis Khan began the major invasion in 1211, opening a war that lasted more than two decades. Mongol armies broke through Jin defenses, raided northern territories, and eventually captured Zhongdu, the Jin capital at modern Beijing, in 1215.

The conflict continued after Genghis Khan turned west against the Khwarazmian Empire. Commanders such as Muqali continued the campaign in China, and the Jin dynasty finally fell in 1234 under the combined pressure of the Mongols and the Song dynasty. The war was therefore a long conquest, not a single battle in 1211.

The Yuan dynasty is a later Mongol dynasty established by Kublai Khan in 1271. The Liao dynasty had already fallen in 1125, while the Song dynasty was initially a rival of the Jin and later an ally of the Mongols against it.