The Disney princess based on a Chinese legend and associated with the line about a flower blooming in adversity is Mulan.
Disney’s Mulan is inspired by Hua Mulan, a legendary figure from the Chinese Ballad of Mulan. In the traditional story, Mulan disguises herself as a man and takes her aging father’s place in the army. The ballad is generally connected with northern China’s Northern Wei period, roughly the fourth to sixth centuries.
Disney adapted the legend for its 1998 animated film, in which Fa Mulan disguises herself to protect her father and ultimately proves herself as a soldier. Ming-Na Wen provided her speaking voice, while Lea Salonga sang her songs. Mulan is unusual among Disney Princesses because she is not born royal and does not become a princess by marrying a prince.
The adversity quotation is commonly linked with Mulan, but in the animated film the Emperor says the complete line while praising her. That wording does not change the answer: Mulan is the character identified by the Chinese legend and the film’s theme of blooming through hardship. She became the eighth official Disney Princess and the franchise’s first East Asian member.