Which crusading battle in 1212 ended with a major Christian victory over the Almohad Caliphate?

The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa ended with a major Christian victory over the Almohad Caliphate in 1212. It was fought on 16 July near the mountain pass of Despeñaperros in southern Iberia.

The coalition included Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, and Peter II of Aragon, along with troops from other Christian territories and volunteers from beyond Iberia. They faced the Almohad caliph Muhammad al-Nasir. The victory opened routes into the Guadalquivir valley and accelerated the weakening of Almohad power in Iberia.

Medieval sources and later tradition gave the battle a strong crusading character. Pope Innocent III supported the campaign, and the conflict was understood by participants as both a struggle for territory and a religiously sanctioned war.

Las Navas de Tolosa is not the same as the Battle of Hattin in 1187, where Saladin defeated the Crusader army in the Levant. It was fought in Iberia and involved different rulers, armies, and political consequences.