Which country gained control of Canada after the war?

Britain gained control of Canada after the French and Indian War. The transfer was formalized by the Treaty of Paris, signed on February 10, 1763, which ended the North American theater of the wider Seven Years’ War.

Britain had captured key French positions, including Louisbourg in 1758 and Quebec in 1759. The British victory at the Plains of Abraham led to the fall of Quebec, while the capture of Montreal in 1760 effectively ended organized French resistance in Canada.

Under the treaty, France ceded Canada and its dependencies to Great Britain. France retained some Caribbean sugar islands and fishing rights near Newfoundland, choosing profitable island colonies over the vast and expensive Canadian territory.

A common mix-up is confusing Canada’s transfer with the later creation of the United States. Britain controlled Canada for decades afterward, while the Thirteen Colonies remained British until the American Revolution.