Google created the Google parent holding company Alphabet in 2015.
Google announced the Alphabet restructuring in August 2015, and the new corporate structure took effect later that year. Alphabet became the publicly traded parent, while Google remained the main operating company for internet services, advertising, Android, YouTube, and related products.
The reorganization separated Google’s core businesses from newer or more experimental activities, such as life sciences and investment projects. Larry Page became Alphabet’s chief executive, while Sundar Pichai became Google CEO. In 2019, Pichai also became Alphabet CEO.
Alphabet’s market capitalization is therefore generally discussed as the value of the parent company, even though many people still refer to the entire business simply as Google. The corporate change did not create a separate public company with an independent stock listing for Google; Alphabet retained Google’s existing share structure and trading symbols.