Bian lian is the Chinese performance tradition famous for actors changing painted masks almost instantaneously.
The technique is associated with Sichuan opera, where performers use brightly colored face masks to express characters, emotions, or supernatural identities. During a tightly choreographed performance, a mask may be changed in a fraction of a second by methods traditionally kept secret.
Bian lian means “face changing.” Performers may use several methods, including pulling masks away, brushing color across the face, or blowing powder. The effect depends on costume design, stage movement, misdirection, and rigorous practice.
Bian lian is a feature within Sichuan opera rather than a separate form of Chinese opera encompassing every performance style. It is also different from the broader painted-face conventions found in other regional operas.