Which central bank was created partly in response to the Panic of 1907 in the United States?

The Federal Reserve was created partly in response to the Panic of 1907 in the United States.

The Panic of 1907 began after a failed attempt to corner the stock of United Copper Company helped trigger runs on trust companies. The crisis spread through financial markets, and the collapse of the Knickerbocker Trust Company became a major turning point. Without a U.S. central bank, private financiers—especially J. P. Morgan—organized emergency support to stabilize the system.

The episode convinced many policymakers that the country needed a lender of last resort and a more flexible currency system. Congress created the National Monetary Commission, whose work influenced later reforms. The Federal Reserve Act was passed in 1913, establishing the Federal Reserve System.

The Federal Reserve did not exist during the Panic itself; that timing is a frequent source of confusion. The panic helped motivate its creation, while the institution was established six years later to reduce the risk of similar banking disruptions.