Edith Stein was canonized in 1998 after dying at Auschwitz as a Carmelite nun.
Edith Stein was born into a Jewish family in Breslau in 1891. She became a philosopher and studied under Edmund Husserl before converting to Catholicism in 1921. In 1933 she entered the Carmelite monastery in Cologne and took the religious name Teresa Benedicta of the Cross.
Because of Nazi persecution, she was transferred with her sister Rosa to the Carmelite convent in Echt, the Netherlands. Nazi authorities arrested them in August 1942 after the German occupation expanded anti-Jewish measures. They were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau and killed shortly afterward.
Pope John Paul II canonized Edith Stein in 1998. Her canonization recognized her as a martyr, and she is commonly known by both her birth name, Edith Stein, and her religious name, Teresa Benedicta of the Cross. She is a co-patron saint of Europe.