Which car did Ferdinand Porsche build in 1900 as the first functional gasoline-electric hybrid?

Ferdinand Porsche built the Lohner-Porsche Semper Vivus in 1900 as the first functional gasoline-electric hybrid car.

Porsche developed the vehicle while working with coachbuilder Ludwig Lohner in Vienna. The prototype combined a gasoline engine with generators and electric motors mounted in the front wheel hubs. This arrangement allowed the engine to supply electricity without a conventional mechanical transmission.

The Semper Vivus name means “always alive.” It demonstrated that an internal-combustion engine could work with electric propulsion long before modern hybrid cars became common. Later Lohner-Porsche vehicles used improved versions of the system.

The car is sometimes described simply as the first hybrid automobile, although historians distinguish prototypes, experimental systems, and production vehicles. The Semper Vivus is especially important because it was a working hybrid concept rather than only a paper design.