Which Babylonian ziggurat was known by the name Etemenanki?

The Babylonian ziggurat known by the name Etemenanki was the ziggurat of Babylon.

Etemenanki was a monumental temple tower dedicated to Marduk, the patron god of Babylon. Its name is generally translated from Babylonian as “House of the foundation of heaven and earth,” reflecting the structure’s religious importance and its symbolic connection between the human and divine realms.

The tower stood within Babylon’s sacred precinct and was associated with the Esagila temple complex. Ancient descriptions and archaeological evidence indicate that it was rebuilt and enlarged by Babylonian rulers, especially during the first millennium BCE. Its exact original height remains debated because the surviving remains are incomplete.

Etemenanki is often linked with the biblical story of the Tower of Babel, but the identification is not stated directly in the biblical text. It should also not be confused with the Great Ziggurat of Ur, which was dedicated to the moon god Nanna and stood in southern Mesopotamia.