Which art movement is most closely associated with Georgia O'Keeffe's early work?

Georgia O'Keeffe's early work is most closely associated with American modernism.

O'Keeffe became a major figure in American modernism, a broad movement that encouraged artists to move beyond literal representation and explore simplified forms, unusual viewpoints, and personal expression. Her early charcoal drawings and watercolors were especially important examples of this direction.

Her work is sometimes labeled abstract, but she did not permanently abandon recognizable subjects. Flowers, buildings, bones, trees, and landscapes remained central to her art, even when she enlarged, simplified, or transformed them.

O'Keeffe also resisted being reduced to a single label. Her career included abstraction, precise natural forms, still life, architectural imagery, and desert landscapes. Pop art and abstract expressionism developed later or followed different artistic aims, so they are not the best classifications for her early career.