Which art movement is most closely associated with Georgia O'Keeffe's abstract paintings?

Georgia O'Keeffe's abstract paintings are most closely associated with American modernism.

O'Keeffe became a central figure in American modernist art through her enlarged flowers, abstract forms, city scenes, and landscapes. Her work did not follow one rigid style throughout her career, but it repeatedly emphasized simplified shapes, bold color, and personal visual interpretation rather than strict realism.

Her early charcoal abstractions attracted attention because they were among the most radical works being made by an American artist at the time. Later paintings remained recognizable while retaining modernist strategies such as cropping, enlargement, flattening, and emphasis on organic structure.

O'Keeffe is sometimes labeled a Surrealist because of the dreamlike or symbolic readings applied to some images. However, she was not simply a Surrealist, and she rejected many interpretations imposed on her work. American modernism is the broader and more accurate classification for her artistic career.