Hebrew was revived as a modern spoken language during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Hebrew had continued to be used for religious writing, scholarship, poetry, and correspondence after it ceased to be an everyday community language in much of Jewish life. The modern revival is strongly associated with Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, who promoted Hebrew as a common language in the Jewish community of Ottoman and later Mandatory Palestine.
Modern Hebrew drew on Biblical and Rabbinic Hebrew while developing new vocabulary for modern institutions, technology, and daily life. Schools, newspapers, political organizations, and immigration helped establish it as an ordinary spoken language rather than only a liturgical or literary one.
The revival did not mean that ancient and modern Hebrew are identical. Pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and usage changed over time, as happens whenever a language is adapted to new social conditions.