Andy Serkis portrayed Gollum through motion capture in Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings films.
Serkis performed the character physically and supplied the voice, while digital artists used motion-capture data and facial reference to create Gollum’s on-screen appearance. He played both the corrupted Gollum and the earlier Sméagol, making the divided personality central to the performance.
The trilogy’s films were released from 2001 to 2003. Serkis reprised Gollum in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012) and later directed Venom: Let There Be Carnage. Ian McKellen played Gandalf, Sean Astin played Samwise Gamgee, and John Rhys-Davies played Gimli, so none of those actors performed Gollum.