Which 2010 European debt crisis saw Greece receive multiple international bailouts?

The European debt crisis was the 2010s sovereign-debt and banking crisis that included multiple bailouts for Greece.

After the global financial crisis, investors reassessed the debts and deficits of several euro-area countries. Greece became the most prominent case after revised fiscal data revealed a much larger deficit than previously reported. Market borrowing costs rose, making refinancing increasingly difficult.

Greece received financial assistance in 2010, 2012, and 2015 from European institutions and the International Monetary Fund. Assistance came with conditions involving fiscal policy, reforms, and restructuring measures. Other countries, including Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Cyprus, also received different forms of support.

The crisis was not one single stock-market crash. It involved government bonds, banks, currencies, public finances, and political disputes within the euro area. It nevertheless caused major market volatility and showed how closely connected sovereign debt and banks can be.