Which 1915 series of abstract drawings established Georgia O'Keeffe as a leading American modernist?

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Georgia O'Keeffe’s 1915 series of abstract drawings is known as Specials.

The series included boldly simplified charcoal compositions made while O'Keeffe was teaching in South Carolina. Rather than copying visible objects, she used line, shape, and tonal contrast to explore emotion and structure. These drawings represented a decisive break from the academic methods she had previously learned.

She sent several of the drawings to her friend Anita Pollitzer, who showed them to Alfred Stieglitz. Stieglitz exhibited them at his gallery 291 in 1916, making O'Keeffe one of the first American women artists to receive a solo exhibition there.

The series is sometimes confused with Stieglitz’s Equivalents photographs or with O'Keeffe’s later paintings such as Blue and Green Music. Those works share an interest in abstraction, but Specials specifically refers to the early charcoal drawings that launched her public modernist career.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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