Which 1915 series made Georgia O’Keeffe an early pioneer of abstract art?

Georgia O’Keeffe’s 1915 series of Charcoal Drawings made her an early pioneer of abstract art.

Created in 1915, the charcoal works reduced forms to lines, curves, and rhythmic shapes rather than depicting recognizable objects in a conventional way. They were among the earliest wholly abstract artworks produced by an American artist.

O’Keeffe sent some of these drawings to the photographer and art promoter Alfred Stieglitz. He exhibited them at his New York gallery, 291, in 1916, bringing her work to wider attention.

The series is sometimes described simply as her 1915 abstractions. “Charcoal Drawings” is the standard title used for the group and is different from her later flower, landscape, and city paintings.