Which 1915 Georgia O’Keeffe drawings are considered pioneering abstract works?

Georgia O’Keeffe’s 1915 charcoal drawings are considered pioneering abstract works.

In 1915, O’Keeffe created a group of charcoal drawings that reduced natural forms to dynamic lines, shapes, and tonal contrasts. These works were among the earliest wholly abstract pieces produced by an American artist of her generation.

The drawings were made while O’Keeffe was teaching in South Carolina and developing a personal visual language outside the academic conventions she had learned earlier. They were not conventional charcoal studies of identifiable objects. Instead, they explored sensations and relationships through nonrepresentational form.

Alfred Stieglitz exhibited some of these drawings in New York in 1916. The 1915 group is different from O’Keeffe’s 1916 series of abstract charcoal drawings, which is often mentioned separately in accounts of her breakthrough.