Which 1864 law created the U.S. national banking system and national bank charters?

The National Bank Act of 1864 created the U.S. national banking system and national bank charters.

The law, originally called the National Currency Act, was signed during the American Civil War. It established a system of federally chartered banks supervised by the Comptroller of the Currency and supported by a uniform national currency based on U.S. government securities.

Congress revised the legislation in 1864, and the combined framework became known as the National Bank Act. National banks issued standardized national bank notes, helping reduce the confusing variety of notes issued by state-chartered banks.

The act did not create the Federal Reserve System. That occurred under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. National banks and state banks continued to coexist, although their regulatory structures differed.