Which 1559 treaty ended the main phase of the Italian Wars during the Renaissance?

The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis ended the main phase of the Italian Wars in 1559.

The agreements were signed at Le Cateau-Cambrésis in northern France by representatives of Henry II of France, Philip II of Spain, and their allies. The settlement ended decades of competition for influence over the Italian peninsula, especially between France and Spain.

Spain emerged as the dominant foreign power in Italy. It retained control of the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, while Spanish influence also extended over other Italian states. France abandoned most of its claims in Italy, although it kept control of several strongholds.

The peace did not create complete calm: conflicts continued elsewhere in Europe, and Italian states remained politically divided. The treaty is nevertheless a major landmark because it closed the long series of Renaissance-era Italian Wars that began with Charles VIII of France’s invasion in 1494.