Which 1494 French invasion is often used to mark the start of the Italian Wars?

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Charles VIII’s invasion of Italy in 1494 is often used to mark the start of the Italian Wars.

The French king Charles VIII invaded the Italian peninsula to press a claim to the Kingdom of Naples. His expedition exposed the political fragmentation of Italy, where powerful states such as Milan, Venice, Florence, the Papal States, and Naples pursued shifting alliances. Charles entered Naples in 1495, but a coalition forced his retreat northward.

The Italian Wars continued intermittently until 1559 and involved France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, the papacy, and Italian states. The conflicts weakened the independence of many Italian powers and helped Spain become the dominant foreign force in Italy. The 1494 invasion is a conventional starting point, not a universally defined boundary for every account of Renaissance history.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Sept. 2026

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