Which 1187 battle allowed Saladin to capture Jerusalem after defeating the Crusader army?

The Battle of Hattin allowed Saladin to capture Jerusalem after he defeated the Crusader army on 4 July 1187. The battle was fought near the Horns of Hattin in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

King Guy of Lusignan led the Crusader force, which marched across dry terrain toward Tiberias. Saladin's army controlled water sources, harassed the march, and forced the exhausted Crusaders into a vulnerable position. The Crusader army was surrounded and decisively defeated.

Saladin captured King Guy and other leaders, while the relic known as the True Cross was also taken. Jerusalem surrendered to Saladin in October 1187. The defeat prompted the Third Crusade, led by rulers including Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and Frederick Barbarossa.