What was the title of Georgia O'Keeffe's 1931 painting of a cow's skull against the New Mexico flag colors?

Georgia O'Keeffe's 1931 painting of a cow's skull in national colors is titled Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue.

The oil painting presents a weathered cow skull vertically against a stark background of red, white, and blue. O'Keeffe found animal bones in the New Mexico landscape and repeatedly used them as subjects, transforming ordinary desert remains into monumental forms.

The title directly identifies the skull and the colors, which echo the United States flag. The work is therefore often discussed in relation to American identity, the Southwest, and O'Keeffe's highly personal response to the New Mexico environment.

This painting should not be confused with Cow's Skull with Calico Roses, another O'Keeffe work from 1931. Nor should it be confused with her ram-skull compositions, which use a different animal and visual motif.