What was the title of Darwin's 1862 book on orchid fertilization?

Darwin’s 1862 book on orchid fertilization was Fertilisation of Orchids.

Its full title was On the Various Contrivances by Which British and Foreign Orchids Are Fertilised by Insects, and on the Good Effects of Intercrossing. Published by John Murray on 15 May 1862, the book examined how orchid structures guide insects and transfer pollen between flowers.

Darwin showed that orchid flowers were not merely decorative forms. Their shapes, nectar arrangements, pollen masses, and adhesive structures could work together to make insects carry pollen from one flower to another. He argued that such intricate adaptations could arise through natural selection and that cross-fertilization often produced biological advantages.

The book followed On the Origin of Species and gave Darwin a detailed case study in evolution. It also challenged the idea that complex floral structures necessarily demonstrated perfect design. The shortened title is commonly used today; the 1877 revised edition appeared under a different, abbreviated title, which can cause confusion with the original 1862 publication.