What was the name of Georgia O'Keeffe's 1916 abstract drawing series made with charcoal?

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Georgia O'Keeffe's 1916 abstract charcoal drawing series was called Specials.

The Specials drawings were among O'Keeffe's earliest fully abstract works. Made with charcoal on paper, they used flowing lines, shapes, and tonal contrasts rather than recognizable objects. Their emphasis on abstraction helped establish the distinctive visual language that later appeared in her paintings.

O'Keeffe sent some of these drawings to Alfred Stieglitz, who exhibited them in New York in 1916. That presentation brought her into the orbit of American modernism and led to her first solo exhibition the following year at his gallery, 291.

The title is easy to confuse with other O'Keeffe series and works. Music, for example, is a recurring title and theme in her art, while Radiator Building is a later New York subject. Specials specifically identifies the 1916 charcoal group.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Sept. 2026

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