The Babylonian series of celestial omens beginning with the words Enuma Anu Enlil was called Enuma Anu Enlil.
Enuma Anu Enlil was a large scholarly collection interpreting observations of the Moon, Sun, planets, and stars. Its title means “When Anu and Enlil,” following the opening words of the series. The work was copied and studied by Babylonian scribes, especially during the first millennium BCE.
The texts connected celestial appearances with possible events affecting kings, cities, agriculture, warfare, or weather. For example, an eclipse could be treated as an omen requiring royal action. These interpretations were not modern astronomy, but they depended on systematic observation and careful record keeping.
Enuma Anu Enlil is often confused with Enuma Elish, the Babylonian creation epic. The similar opening word, enuma, means “when,” but the two works have different subjects: one is an omen series, while the other describes divine conflict and creation. Another astronomical work, Mul Apin, is primarily a compendium of star lists and astronomical knowledge.