What was the 1787 compromise that gave each state equal Senate representation but population-based House representation?

The Connecticut Compromise gave each state equal Senate representation but population-based House representation in 1787.

Also called the Great Compromise or Sherman Compromise, it resolved a major dispute at the Constitutional Convention. Large states favored representation based on population, while small states wanted each state to have an equal voice in Congress.

The agreement created a bicameral legislature. In the House of Representatives, representation would be based on population. In the Senate, every state would receive equal representation, with two senators per state under the Constitution’s final arrangement.

The compromise allowed the convention to continue after delegates had reached an impasse. It did not settle every representation issue: the convention separately adopted the Three-Fifths Compromise concerning how enslaved people would be counted for apportionment. The Connecticut Compromise remains the structural basis for the modern U.S. Congress.