Georgia O'Keeffe retained the surname O'Keeffe after marrying Alfred Stieglitz in 1924.
O'Keeffe was born Georgia Totto O'Keeffe in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, in 1887. She married Alfred Stieglitz on December 24, 1924, but she continued to use her own surname professionally. Her established public identity as an artist was therefore not replaced by “Stieglitz.”
This detail matters because Stieglitz was both her husband and an important promoter of her work. He exhibited her drawings and paintings and photographed her extensively, but O'Keeffe's artworks were signed and catalogued under her own name. She maintained an independent artistic reputation throughout their marriage.
The pair separated much of their time between New York and New Mexico, and Stieglitz died in 1946. O'Keeffe later moved permanently to New Mexico in 1949. Her continued use of “O'Keeffe” is consistent with the name under which she became one of the best-known American modernists.