What was Georgia O'Keeffe's maiden surname?

Georgia O'Keeffe’s maiden surname was Totto. She was born Georgia Totto O'Keeffe, and she retained O'Keeffe after marrying Alfred Stieglitz in 1924. The unusual spelling can be easy to misremember because her better-known surname dominates biographies and museum labels.

The name came from her mother’s family. O'Keeffe’s mother was Ida Totto, whose family had Hungarian and Irish ancestry. Georgia was raised in Wisconsin and later became one of the most recognizable figures in American modernism.

Her professional identity was always closely tied to the name O'Keeffe, but her full birth name appears in biographical records and reference works. This question concerns her surname at birth rather than the name she used during her artistic career. The answer is therefore the family name Totto, not Stieglitz, which was her married surname only in legal and social contexts.