What type of stone is most prized for making inkstones?

The type of stone most prized for making inkstones is Duan stone.

Duan stone, also called Duanxi stone, comes from quarries around Zhaoqing in Guangdong, formerly known as Duanzhou. It is generally a fine-grained volcanic tuff, often purple or purple-red. Its smooth but slightly abrasive surface grinds an inkstick evenly, producing a rich liquid ink without damaging the brush.

Duan inkstones are among China’s Four Famous Inkstones, alongside She stone, Taohe stone, and Chengni stone. Collectors particularly value natural markings known as “stone eyes,” as well as unusual colors, textures, quarry origins, age, and carving quality. Some historic quarries were difficult to reach because they lay in caves vulnerable to flooding.

The superlative is a traditional reputation rather than a scientific ranking. She stones and other famous varieties can also be exceptionally valuable, and individual quality depends heavily on the quarry and specimen. Jade, marble, and granite may appear in decorative objects, but they are not the standard answer for the premier Chinese inkstone tradition.