What science studies glaciers and ice-related natural phenomena?

The science that studies glaciers and ice-related natural phenomena is glaciology.

Glaciology examines how glaciers form, flow, grow, shrink, and reshape the landscape. It also covers ice sheets, ice caps, sea ice, snow, permafrost, meltwater, and the geological evidence left behind by earlier glaciations. Because ice affects Earth’s climate and water supply, the field overlaps with geology, geophysics, climatology, hydrology, geomorphology, biology, and ecology.

A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice formed from accumulated snow that gradually compacts and flows under its own weight. Glaciologists measure ice thickness and movement, study crevasses and melt patterns, reconstruct past climates from ice cores, and monitor how glaciers respond to modern warming.

Meteorology studies the atmosphere and weather, while hydrology focuses on water and its movement. Seismology studies earthquakes and seismic waves. These subjects can contribute to glacier research—for example, weather controls snowfall and melt—but none is the specific scientific discipline named by the question. Glaciology can even extend beyond Earth in the study of ice on planets and moons, sometimes called astroglaciology.