The 1869 U.S. gold-market crash caused by Jay Gould and James Fisk's attempted corner is known as Black Friday.
Gould and Fisk tried to drive up the price of gold by buying heavily while attempting to keep government gold sales out of the market. Gold prices rose dramatically in September 1869, but the scheme collapsed when the U.S. Treasury intervened and sold gold.
On September 24, 1869, gold prices plunged. The panic disrupted financial markets and harmed speculators, although the episode did not produce the same broad economic collapse as later stock-market crashes. Gould escaped serious financial punishment, while Fisk also retained much of his wealth.
This Black Friday is easy to confuse with later market disasters using the same color-based label. It occurred in 1869 and centered on gold trading, not the New York Stock Exchange crash of 1929 or the worldwide stock-market crash of 1987.