What kind of test was being run on the replicants in the movie "Blade Runner"?

In the movie Blade Runner, replicants are tested with the fictional Voight-Kampff test. It is designed to distinguish replicants from humans by provoking emotional reactions, especially responses associated with empathy.

The test uses a polygraph-like machine that monitors physical signals such as respiration, heart rate, eye movement, and blushing while the subject answers disturbing or morally challenging questions. The theory is that replicants respond differently from humans, even though they may look identical to ordinary people.

In the 1982 film, Rick Deckard administers the test to Leon Kowalski and Rachael. Deckard tells Eldon Tyrell that a normal test usually requires about 20 to 30 cross-referenced questions, but Rachael’s implanted memories make her unusually difficult to identify; her examination takes more than 100 questions.

The Voight-Kampff test originated in Philip K. Dick’s 1968 novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, which inspired the film. The movie’s test emphasizes empathy as a measure of humanity, a central theme of the Blade Runner story.