What is the title of Monaco's sovereign ruler?

What is the title of Monaco’s sovereign ruler? Monaco’s sovereign ruler is titled Prince.

The formal designation is the Sovereign Prince of Monaco, and the state itself is a principality. The title is therefore distinct from “king,” “emir,” or “duke,” even though the prince functions as Monaco’s monarch and head of state. The current reigning prince is Albert II, who succeeded Rainier III in 2005.

The Grimaldi family has ruled Monaco since 1297, with interruptions, and the princely title became established in the early modern period. Monaco’s constitutional system gives the prince important responsibilities, including representing the principality in foreign relations and appointing the government’s minister of state.

The prince is not merely a ceremonial figure. Legislative power is shared with the elected National Council, while the constitution defines the monarch’s powers and responsibilities. Monaco’s hereditary heir is styled hereditary prince; Albert II’s son, Jacques, holds that position.