What is the title of Georgia O'Keeffe’s 1931 painting of a cow skull against a desert landscape?

Georgia O'Keeffe’s 1931 painting of a cow skull against a desert landscape is titled Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue.

The oil painting places a large weathered cow skull against a pale blue sky, with red and white forms contributing to its distinctly American color scheme. O'Keeffe painted bones she found in the New Mexico desert and transformed them into monumental subjects.

The work reflects several recurring concerns in her art: close observation, simplified form, stark contrast, and the visual character of the Southwest. The skull is not presented as a gruesome object; instead, its shape and durability become part of an austere landscape image.

This title is distinct from O'Keeffe’s later Ram's Head series and from her pelvis paintings. Those works also use bones and desert forms, which can cause confusion. The specific 1931 cow-skull painting is identified by its red, white, and blue title.