What is the title of Georgia O'Keeffe's 1931 painting of a cattle skull with an American flag motif?

Georgia O'Keeffe's 1931 cattle-skull painting is titled Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue.

The painting presents a bleached cow's skull against a pale blue ground, with red and blue accents that evoke the American flag. O'Keeffe made it after becoming fascinated by animal bones she found in the New Mexico landscape. The skull is centered and monumental, turning a discarded natural object into a powerful emblematic form.

O'Keeffe repeatedly used bones, shells, flowers, and rocks as subjects. She often isolated them from their surroundings, encouraging viewers to look closely at shape, texture, and scale. Her New Mexico paintings are not simply documentary views; they transform regional objects into carefully composed modernist images.

The title is sometimes shortened informally to Cow's Skull, but the full title identifies the color scheme that gives the work its national association. It is also distinct from her many paintings of ram skulls, pelvic bones, and other desert forms.