What is the term for selling goods abroad at below cost?

The term for selling goods abroad at below cost is dumping.

In international trade, dumping generally means exporting a product at a price below its normal value. That comparison may involve the product’s price in the exporter’s home market, its price in another country, or a constructed value based on production costs and related expenses.

Dumping is not simply the same as offering a temporary sale or charging a low price. Trade authorities usually examine whether the price difference injures producers in the importing country. If they determine that dumped imports cause material harm, governments may impose anti-dumping duties under applicable national law and World Trade Organization rules.

The practice is often discussed alongside subsidies, but the concepts differ. A subsidy is government support that can lower a firm’s costs; dumping describes the relationship between an export price and a benchmark value. Price gouging is almost the opposite idea: it usually refers to unusually high prices charged during a crisis.