The traditional Hanukkah hymn sung after candle lighting is Ma’oz Tzur.
Ma’oz Tzur is a Hebrew piyyut, or Jewish liturgical poem, whose title means “Strong Rock.” Its opening stanza praises God as a protector and recalls deliverance from oppression. The poem is associated specifically with Hanukkah and is commonly sung immediately after the festival lights are kindled.
The complete poem has six stanzas, but many communities sing only the first, or the first and fifth. Its acrostic first letters traditionally spell Mordechai, suggesting the name of its composer, although the author’s identity is uncertain. The hymn was probably written in the 12th or 13th century, long after the Maccabean revolt.
A common mix-up is confusing Ma’oz Tzur with Hallel. Hallel is a collection of biblical psalms recited during Hanukkah and other Jewish festivals, while Ma’oz Tzur is a later hymn. Its familiar melody may have roots in a medieval German tune.