The theater famously associated with Shakespeare is the Globe Theatre. Shakespeare’s playing company, the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, built the original Globe in 1599 in Southwark, on the south bank of the River Thames in London.
The Globe was an open-air Elizabethan theater with a thrust stage surrounded by galleries and a standing area known as the yard. Shakespeare was both a shareholder in the company and a playwright whose works were performed there. The theater staged plays by other writers too, including Ben Jonson, Thomas Dekker, and John Fletcher.
The original building burned on 29 June 1613 during a performance of Henry VIII, after a theatrical cannon set its thatched roof alight. A second Globe was built on the same site in 1614, but it closed when London theaters were shut in 1642 and was demolished in 1644–45.
Today’s Shakespeare’s Globe, opened in 1997, is a reconstruction about 230 metres from the original site. The Curtain, Rose, and Swan were also important London theaters, but “The Globe” is the canonical answer to this question.